Tuesday, September 4, 2012

Family Love

        The most important and primal social unit is the family. The human condition is intrinsically familial; hence the greatest variety and degree of human emotions are experienced in and through the family. It is for this reason that the breakdown of society is always coterminous with the breakdown of the nuclear family.

         In once sense it is odd, given the importance of the family, that it would be so denigrated by the secular world. But on a closer look, the roots of this hatred begin to surface. The family is deeply and uniquely Trinitarian; with its three constituents: father, mother, and child. The Trinity is the foundation for not only the family, but love—it is the cornerstone of all romance. It is the first and only real love story.
         The world hates the Trinity, and as a byproduct begins to hate the family. Yet they are smitten with the idea of love and romance, all the while failing to understand that the only true love and true romance is found within the family. “Falling in love has often been regarded as the supreme adventure, the supreme romantic accident.” Adventure however is something that happens to us, it finds us. The man that goes out looking for an adventure is acting against the very spirit of adventure. It is neither spontaneous nor adventurous to back up one’s belongings and head to Africa in search of a great adventure. It is more adventurous to stay at home and deal with the things that happen to you.
On the same token, falling in love has something to do with us. As much as we may “fall in love”, do we not also jump? “In so far as to some extent we choose…falling in love is not truly romantic…The supreme adventure is not falling in love, it is being born.” This greatest of all adventures, breeds true love and true romance. We do not have the slightest choice in picking our families, just as we have no choice in picking our neighbors. Yet Christ commanded us to love our neighbors. That is because there is a deeper love, a deeper romance formed when our choice is taken out of the equation.
              
     One does not get to choose their R&B singing sister. One does not choose to have a sister with a strange obsession with Asian children. One does not choose a sister who has a deep-rooted psychological obsession with Glen Beck that manifests itself by framing her husband with having a strong hankering for Nancy Grace. One does not choose a sister who fails to see the intrinsic likeability of Taylor Swift or a brother who eats 40 hotdogs in a sitting. Yet with this lack of choice comes Christ-like Trinitarian love.
              
     In heaven there will be no husbands and wives but there will be a family of believers. Maybe this is because there is nothing greater, nothing more romantic, nothing more fundamental than the love of family.

Sunday, September 2, 2012

Scientific Detachment and Anthropology


            Science is predicated on detachment. The scientist must remove himself from the equation in order to see facts and data as they are—in and of themselves. Science, like math, searches for indubitable certainty. Two plus two equals four.

            One of the greatest defects of modernity stems from Descartes’ attempt at a philosophical mathematics. Descartes told modernity—and like sheep we followed—that all fields of study could be known in the same way things are known in math or science. Hence we no longer study history; rather we study “social science.” We know longer study politics; rather “political science.” We now teach courses on the “science of religion.” This is a strange phenomenon indeed.

            “For the study of primitive race and religion stand apart in one important respect from all, or nearly all, the ordinary scientific studies. A man can understand astronomy only by being an astronomer; he can understand entomology only by being an entomologist; but he can understand a great deal about anthropology merely by being a man. He is himself the animal which he studies.” (GKC)

            The detachment that is necessary and helpful in the “hard” sciences can be a great detriment to the so called “soft” sciences. It is as if the anthropologist believes he must detach himself from humanity, or make himself inhuman in order to understand humanity. The saddest part of all is that we tend to believe what the anthropologists say.

            For example:

                        “The natives of MumboJumbo Land believe that the dead man can eat, and will require food upon his journey to the other world. This is attested by the fact that they put food in the grave.” (GKC)

            For the anthropologist, having detached himself from his humanity, this makes great sense. To the lay person, the ones who are still acquainted with what it is like to be a human this comes across as madness.

            This is similar to saying:

                        “The 21st century Americans believed that a dead man could smell. This is attested by the fact that they always covered his grave with lilies, violets, or other flowers.”

            Now it might be the case that ancient men believed the dead could eat, but that is no more a fact than stating that we believe the dead can smell. Mankind does certain things because it is natural for them to do so. It is hard to explain the emotion that brings us to the conclusion that it is natural, but that does not mean it is not so. Most human emotions are irrational and hence can not be explained in scientific terminology.

            Kant showed us that we are restricted to the world of phenomena—we can not get to the noumena or the thing in itself because when we encounter reality it must always be filtered through categories (time, space, the human mind). We take this is a fact, yet we fail to apply its principles to field of anthropology. As soon as matter is perceived and passed through the human mind it is forever irreparably altered. It is spoiled. It is changed and now lacks a sort of objectivity and detachment which is needed for it to be studied as purely scientific data.

            Human emotions, many times being irrational by nature, can not be rationally or scientifically quantified. Maybe those in MumboJumbo land put food in the grave because food is one of the great joys of life. Maybe they did it to attract animals to the bodies in order that the souls of the deceased may live on in another creature. But maybe they did it because it just felt like the proper thing to do. It was natural—and what is natural to man is not the business of science.

Saturday, September 1, 2012

The Cowardice Of Nihilism


G. K. Chesterton wrote, “It is foolish, generally speaking, for a philosopher to set fire to another philosopher in Smithfield market because they do not agree in their theory of the universe. That was done very frequently in the Middle Ages, and it failed altogether in its object. But there is one thing that is infinitely more absurd and unpractical than burning a man for his philosophy. This is the habit of saying that his philosophy does not matter. And this is done universally in the twentieth century.”

               This is a strange age indeed. The world has been turned on its head. The logical man is seen as unprogressive. The man of firm beliefs is seen as narrow minded. The orthodox man is seen as a bigot. Now is the age of feelings. Beliefs have been sacrificed at the altar of inclinations and proclivities. The weeds of Nihilism are overrunning the garden of thought, and the decay of past fruit weighs thick on the air.

               All too often I will hear someone say, “Oh, he is really religious”; as if there was another way to truly be one thing or another. A phrase such as this carries an obvious negative connotation. It is as if they are saying, “I don’t mind if somebody believes something, so long as they don’t actually believe it.” What nonsense. They might as well say “Pink is a running hammer.” We are a generation so removed from truth our language begins to resemble an extended MadLib.

               Nihilism is nothing more than a closet in which cowards hide. We are too scared to stand firm in orthodoxy. It takes guts. It takes grit. It takes real man, of which we are currently running a shortage. The orthodox man, the man who is “really this” or “really that” will always seem absurd in the eyes of the world. That is because he stands firm while the world whips by him, foolishly following trends, only to abandon them for the next trend and the next fad. The orthodox man has “based all his brilliancy and solidity upon the hackneyed, but yet forgotten, fact that truth is stranger than fiction.”

               Truth, by necessity, must be stranger than fiction. For fiction, lies, deceit are made by the hands of men, but truth is divine. Man always knows his own ways better than he knows the way of the Divine. As Aquinas wrote, “God is an infinitely knowable.”

               In this age, men say that another man’s philosophy does not matter. It does not matter if he is an Aristotelian or a Hegelian or a Nietzschean. But is this how we live? A man’s philosophy may state that “Life is not worth living.” But we take this statement in the same way we would react to him saying he prefers coffee to tea. “And yet if that utterance were believed, the world would stand on its head. Murderers would be given medals for saving men from life; firemen would be denounced for keeping men from death; poison would be used as medicine; doctors would be called in when people were well…” One might profess to be a Nihilist, but their every action bellies their espoused belief.

               George Bernard Shaw described this condition by saying, “That the golden rule is that there is no golden rule.” Besides the fact that such a statement is pragmatically unrealistic (as shown above) it is devastating to the artistic and cultural progress of humanity. When nothing can be believed for certain, anything goes. And when ANYTHING goes NOTHING is shocking.

               For something to be shocking it must violate a rule or a standard that one holds to be true. When nothing is true, art can no longer be shocking. We have tried to make it shocking. We have placed toilets in museums and called it art, but does that carry nearly the same thunder as the shockwaves felt when we contemplate the hand of God reaching out to touch that of mans? Can we find in Andy Warhol or Picasso anything more shocking or defiant than Satan’s rejection of God? Or Peter’s denial of Christ? Or the grandure of the incarnation and resurrection? Modern art has the seemingly unlimited freedom because of its nihilism, but this freedom has also defanged the artist. The artist is left with no bite. Defiance is pathetic and lonely when there is no one to defy.

               This nihilistic generation is like Alice, forever trapped in wonderland. We speak a language that was designed to convey truth but now blathers out pure nonsense. The modern, progressive man says, “Let us leave all these arbitrary standards and embrace liberty.” This is logically rendered, “Let us not decide what is good, but let it be considered good not to decide it.” (Chesterton) He says, “Neither in religion or morality my friend, lie the hopes of the race, but in education.” This clearly expressed, means, “We cannot decide what is good, but let us give it to our children.”

                                         I give in. They are correct. Pink is a running hammer.

Thursday, August 23, 2012

Fatherly Love

 
When Christ taught us how to pray in Matthew 6, he started, the now titled: Lord’s Prayer with the words: “Our Father.” These opening words have become somewhat of a rallying cry for a juvenilized generation of Christians. This generation has promulgated and perfected the personalization of a deeply communal religion: Christianity.
            The first Person of the Trinity, the author, and upholder of the universe, the Lord who the Jews so revered that they dared not even write his name (electing rather to call him Yahweh), is now called “Dad” or “Daddy.” This generation of Christians loves their “Daddy” and their “Daddy” loves them back. This soft and cuddly love affair between the Creator and his creatures is great for selling books and mass marketing a religion, but this misguided and childish theology can leave its adherents in the muck of a real existential crisis when pain and suffering crash their love- fest.
            A theology rooted in the belief that God is our buddy, our Daddy who loves us, can not withstand the deep philosophical issue of the problem of pain, hurt, and suffering.
            Part of the problem lies in our current conception of Fatherhood. In today’s culture it is all too common to hear a father say, “I love my son. I do not care about the morality he chooses, as long as it makes him happy.” This is certainly not the type of father Christ was talking about when he taught us to pray.
            The ancient conception of father was far different from the one most of us hold today. C.S. Lewis wrote, “Love between father and son, in this symbol (Father to Christ), means essentially authoritative love on the one side, and obedient love on the other. The father uses his authority to make the son into the sort of human being he, rightly, and in his superior wisdom, wants him to be.”
            Love is not utilitarian in nature. Love does not intrinsically and primarily care about your comfort or misguided conception of happiness. True love, the love that God has for his creatures is a demanding love. It demands the perfecting of the beloved. The “kindness” of a Daddy which tolerates anything except suffering in its child is the furthest thing from the biblical conception of love.
            God is love. All Christians believe it. All Christians have said it. It makes a nice bumper sticker and cute picture to hang above your toilet, but what does it mean? Plato rightly taught us that virtue is one. Someone can not be truly kind or loving unless they are courageous, temperate and just. “Even a good emotion, pity, if not controlled by charity and justice, leads through anger to cruelty.” God is love. God is also justice and goodness. Love therefore must conform to the justice and goodness that is God.
            True love, the love of God, may forgive all infirmities and wrongdoings and love in spite of them: but he can never cease to will their removal. The love of a father must grind on the son to change him, not into the person the son wants to be, but into the person that the father knows that the son should be. This grinding, this true, deep, all encompassing love can bring about great suffering and pain. The Bible reminds us that we must die unto Christ. He loves us so much that he can not accept us as we are. He is not Homer Simpson or Peter Griffin. He is not a senile benevolence that kicks back in the clouds and wishes for you to choose your own path, find your own happiness, or just be yourself. “His is not the love of a host who feels responsible for his guests, but the consuming fire himself the love that made the worlds.”
            Much of the suffering and pain we experience here on earth is the sanctificatory process leading to true happiness. ‘What we would hear and now call our happiness is not the end God chiefly has in view: but when we are such as he can love without impediment, we shall in fact be happy.”
            God is Goodness. He wills the goodness of his creatures, and our goodness is to fully love him. To experience the true and eternal love of God is to surrender to his commands. We are commanded to become Christ-like, to put on Christ. That is to say we are to become like God. Whether we like it or not we are to become goodness. For God so loved the world that he wants to make us into himself, to make us love.
            With that being said we should do what we like. We should do what makes us happy. Kant gave us the misguided notion that we should not admire a man for doing a good act if he enjoyed it. The very saying, “but he likes it”, implies that the action has no worth or merit. This modern notion, ushered in largely by Kant, has gained credence due to the rejection of the truth of Aristotelianism. Aristotle taught that a virtuous man will delight in virtue. The more virtuous we are the more we will revel in goodness, justice and truth.
            The love of God and the love of a good earthly father may hurt at first. It may hurt way more for some than other. Why? Read the book of Job. The answer being—We don’t know. But true love can not accept evil. It must demand change. It demands change so that we can be happy--truly happy—happy because we are fulfilling our telos. God is love.

Wednesday, August 8, 2012

The 300 Year Old Man


      George Bernard Shaw once wrote, “The world will never progress until everyman lives 300 years.” In response G.K. Chesterton quipped that, “If George Bernard Shaw lived 300 years he would undoubtedly be a Catholic.” Part of Chesterton’s genius is his poetic nature; that is his ability to touch on a deep truth in a small economy of space.

            Part of the curse, a side effect of the fall of man, is his now myopic vision. Adam, in wanting equality with God, in wanting God-like knowledge, by being self interested, set the course of mankind on an endless cycle of self-centeredness. It is difficult to avoid the trap of believing that right now is the most important moment; this election is the most important election, if only we could fix this or that problem than everything would change. Shaw may have been right. If everyman could live 300 years, we would see progress. If everyone lived 300 years, everyone might be backed into the truth of the gospel.

            Imagine the now 300 year old man. He would have seen endless revolutions that promised hope but delivered death. He would have seen moments that promised to be climatic that came and went with nothing but a dud. He would have been built up on the back of hope only to be gunned down to the ditches of human depravity.

            Some forty years ago he would have been witness to the promise of hope in the form of the “crowning achievement” of gender equality. He would then proceed to have his body drug through 50 million aborted fetuses. He would have seen capitalism defeat communism, only to result in the greed of the Wall Street hedge funds. He would have seen the achievement of science, of Einstein and Planck, and then 160,000 incinerated Japanese in the streets on Hiroshima. He would have seen the War To End All Wars give birth to the WWII. He would have seen Aristocracies replace monarchies, aristocracies overthrown by dictators, dictators replaced by democracies and bloodshed, greed, and unthinkable feats of human cruelty achieved by each.

            As each well-spring of hope dried up, hopeless, the man, given enough time, might stumble upon an ancient truth—a truth that gave the proper apportionment of power to princes and principalities. He might find a truth that defined the true meaning and application of freedom, of equality, of justice, and of wisdom. He might be taught the only true way to love, to have community, to unite with one voice, to join a unified chorus. Given 300 years, a man would be hard-pressed to deny and suppress the complete catholicity of the covenantal love found in the community that is the Triune God. He would see that there is no solution without ultimate teleology. If there is no design, there is no proper way to fix the individual parts. The man would be forced to humble himself before the cross of grace. He would know, with first hand experience, that there is no solution, and no hope without Christ.

Friday, March 2, 2012

9-11 Revisited


                              A Still Small Voice: General Revelation in the Tragedy of 9-11




            Ashes. Thick, colorless, black and grey ashes methodically descended from the skyline covering the city in a blanket of confusion, fear and doubt. I remember the clouds of smoke billowing from the sides of this post-modern tower of Babel. Smoke so thick and dense it seemed to suck the very light and color out of the morning sun and send this Unreal City into the premature darkness of night.

            Driving over the Mid-Hudson Bridge exactly 10 years latter, September 11, 2011, I find a small, yet somewhat morbid sense of poetic justice in the dark and dreary weather. It seems only fitting that the earth too would snap out of its melodic melees of summer glory and if only for a brief moment, mourn with the rest of us, shedding tears that slowly fell into the Hudson River. It was as if the almost silent reverberations of water on water were a cosmic dirge from whence the rain proceeded like a funeral procession slowly and surely to the ocean.

            It is in moments and hours such as that fateful September day 8 years ago that the world stands up and joins the philosopher in his tirelessly, unceasing chorus of “WHY?” To steal from T.S. Elliot, events such as these “force the moment to its crisis” (Prufrock). On a day when mothers and fathers, sons and daughters, brothers and sisters, were so unexpectedly and publicly executed, even the most jaded, mediated, agnostic soul faces an existential crisis. The universal “why?” was spoke forth only to get sucked into those cursed black clouds of smoke, before it could even reach the ears of God.

            In Elliot’s “Ash Wednesday” he writes, “Where shall the word be found, where will the word resound? Not here, there is not enough silence.” On September 11, 2001 there was a nation-wide silence, and the word that resounded, piercingly loud and clear was DISORDER. Surely the poet had been mistaken, September, not April, was the “cruelest month.”

            On that early September day there was no struggle to find disorder. This is a world of disease, famine, plague, terrorism and death. As Bob Dylan sings, “He not busy being born is busy dying.” In a world of disorder we are posed with the same question that Elie Wiesel faced in one of Hitler’s death camps. Wiesel, in Night, recounts the story of walking past Jewish prisoners hanging:

                            But the third rope was still moving: the child, too light, was still breathing…

                                And so he remained for more than half an hour, lingering between life and

                                death, writhing before our eyes. And we were forced to look at him at close

                                range. He was still alive when I passed him. His tongue was still red, his eyes

                                not yet extinguished. Behind me, I heard the same man asking: “For God’s

                                sake, where is God?” And from within me, I heard a voice answer: “Where

                                he is? This is where—hanging here from this gallows.”

                On days like 9-11, and in a post-modern world where more than ever this disorder seems to assert Nietzsche’s claim that “God is dead”, we all are faced with what Heidegger called Geworfenheit. Geworfenheit is a German word that essentially means “throwness” or a having been thrown. In an age post mortem dei (after the death of God), the whole of humanity is stricken with a sense of Geworfenheit. Man is not at home in a world without God. At the very core all of mankind is confused, alone and disordered. The human experience, which Heidegger describes as one of “dasien” (being there) is a constant and perpetual state of disorientation. With out the existence of an eternal deity, man does not know where he came from or where he is going. We have been thrown into this universe where we find ourselves existing before we know what it means to exist, and the heavens and the earth continue to proclaim “disorder.”

            This disordered state of affairs, brought to the forefront by events such as 9-11, calls for a Cartesian-like crisis; a reexamination and questioning of our fundamental beliefs. In an age of reason Descartes sought after scientific and mathematical-like certainty in all fields of study. He wanted an indubitable starting point upon which he could build a new house of knowledge. However, in order to build a new house we must first tear down the old one. Let us then take up the Cartesian torch and try and search for a semblance of certainty by reexamining the way we look at our world.

            In the Platonic dialogues Socrates constantly preached the importance of examining the things that we learned at our mother’s knees. In today’s day and age the mother referred to throughout the Platonic corpus is completely analogous to the public school systems.

            In Chemistry we were all taught, and believed with 100% mathematical certainty, that atoms were the smallest unit of matter. That is however until scientists cracked the atoms and found a world of electrons and protons. Then, years latter, scientists discovered the quark, and quickly it replaced the atom as the smallest unit of matter. Finally, certainty! That is however until scientists cracked the quark and discovered that at the root, the core of all substance is energy. Energy, you say, scratching your head. Energy is not tangible enough. It is not corporeal. It has no extension.

            So what is it then that give form to all substances. What is it that makes something water rather than gold, or dirt or a chair? We have now found that the essence of all corporal, physical things, the thing that makes a thing a thing is relationships. Substance and form is intrinsically and explicitly relational. It is the arrangement and the relation of the electrons to one another that gives form.

            To take this one step further, I would assert, however political incorrect it may be, that the pinnacle, the crowning jewel of physical substance is the human being. Just as we questioned what makes a physical thing the thing that it is, what gives it its form, let us turn the question inward and ask what makes a man the particular man that he is.

            We must first look at the human condition and realize that even as individualistic as this technologically driven age may be, we do not exist as individuals in a vacuum. Our existence is a “field of being” (Heidegger). What makes a person who they are is one hundred percent relation based. I am only a teacher because I have a class. My father would not exist as a father without his children, nor I as a son without my father and mother. The human condition, at its core is relation based. Just as inanimate corporeal things gain there substance from their relations, we too find our essence, our meaning in relationships.

            To dig one last step further into the murky waters of the metaphysical, let us examine the essence of God. St. Augustine was once posed with the question of “what was God doing before he made the universe?” He snidely replied, “He is making hell for people who ask stupid questions.” In his work on the trinity however, Augustine answers the question in a much less sarcastic tone. Before God created the universe, he was in communion, in relationship with himself. The triune God of Christianity exists as three persons in one. The Father is only the Father in relation to the Son and the Son the Son only in relation to the Father. The essence of the three person God-head is relational.

            What great symmetry! What great order! After the clouds of billowing smoke have dissipated and dispersed, after our ideas have been reexamined we find the universe cries out order! Design! Peace! From the atoms, to the person, to God himself there is a divine order of relationships. This is an order and symmetry so divinely orchestrated that even in the midst of the most horrific of days, after the ashes settle, in that brief moment of silence the word resounds, and like music to the ears it pronounces “Peace”, “Order.”

                               

Liberty on the 4th of July


On a day when illuminating the sky with fireworks and intoxicating ourselves with cheap beer is passed off as patriotism, it may seem off color to question our conception of liberty, but it is most certainly not off topic. Today we celebrate the birth of a country, and we celebrate primarily because that country is a place where freedom and liberty reign. But what are freedom and liberty? These words are tossed around mindlessly as the masses “ohh!” and “ahh!” at flashing colors in the sky that even the 9th century Chinese would fail to find impressive.
Is liberty nothing more than a hollow concept that has the ability to galvanize a nation for the day?
 Liberty is a double edged sword. If by liberty we mean the ability to do whatever we want, it can be one of the most destructive forces in the world. Liberty is not a license for licentiousness, at least that is not the conception of liberty that this country was built on. Liberty loses it’s ability to liberate if it is left unchecked. In a society that hopes to survive, liberty must be guarded and ordered by something larger and greater than itself. (How is that for patriotism on the 4th of July?)
True liberty is fundamentally tied to a moral foundation. Tocqueville expressed this sentiment in his Democracy in America, when he approvingly quoted an excerpt from a speech by John Winthrop:

“There is a liberty of corrupt nature, which is affected both by men and beasts, to do what they list; and this liberty is inconsistent with authority, impatient of all restraint; by this liberty, Sumus Omnes Deteriores (we are all inferior); ‘tis the grand enemy of truth and peace, and all the ordinances of God are bent against it. But there is a civil, a moral, a federal liberty, which is the proper end and object of authority; it is a liberty for that only which is just and good; for this liberty you are to stand with the hazard of your very lives.”

Religion being set as the foundation of moral and social order is not an arbitrary, outdated, imposition. Rather, the decrees of God control licentious, liberal, liberty, which in the end enslave mankind in a prison of their own devices and desires. Liberty detached from Religion ends in blood. Tocqueville knew this all to well, as many of his family members were slaughtered in the names of “liberte, egalite, fraternite.” Tocqueville quickly realized that “the spirit of religion and the spirit of freedom go hand in hand. Freedom sees in religion the companion of its struggles and its triumphs, the cradle of its infancy, the divine source of its rights. It considers religion as the safeguard of mores.”

On a day we celebrate liberty, let us pray that we are never given complete liberty. Let us hope that liberty is always kept safe and warm, just barely out of our grasps, wrapped in the divine decrees and laws of the Great Lawmaker. Thank God for a lack of liberty, which is the runway to freedom.

Nietzsche and the Church


    The Antichrist: Why Nietzsche May Have Understood Christianity Better Than the Modern Church.



            “With this I will now conclude and pronounce my judgment. I condemn Christianity and confront it with the most terrible accusation that an accuser has ever had in his mouth. To my mind it is the greatest of all conceivable corruptions, it has had the will to the last imaginable corruption. The Christian  church let nothing escape form its corruption; it converted every value into its opposite, every truth into a lie, and ever honest impulse into an ignominy of the soul…This eternal accusation against Christianity I would fain write on all walls, wherever there are walls…I call Christianity the one great curse, the one enormous and innermost perversion, the one great instinct of revenge, for which no means are too venomous, too underhand, too underground and too petty, I call it the one immortal blemish of mankind.”[1]

            Those words mark the conclusion of Friedrich Nietzsche’s scathing, visceral, venomous, anti-Christian treatise The Antichrist. In this work, originally published in 1895, Nietzsche spews aphorismic fire and brimstone against this greatest of all evils: Christianity. The 19th century German philosopher, most noted for his eloquently terse obituary- “God is Dead”- may seem like the last person on earth that a Christian would turn to to base their Christology and Ecclesiology off of. Yet this mad-genius, this atheistic poet, this nihilistic philosopher seems to understand Christianity- true Christianity- in a much truer sense than the modern Christian and church as a whole.

            The Metaphysical void of post-modernity has given birth to a bastardization of  “true” Christianity. The Christian community has been replaced by “personal relationships” with Jesus. What we call Christianity shares little resemblance to what is found in the bible. “The Bible never mentions Christianity. It does not preach Christianity. Nor does it encourage us to preach Christianity. Paul did not preach Christianity. Nor did any of the other apostles…Christianity, like Judaism, and Yahwish, is an invention of Biblical scholars, theologians and politicians…”[2]

            The modern Christian is all too guilty of completely personalizing salvation, the atonement and Christianity as a whole. This is a post-modern reaction that is “human, all too human.” In short, the modern Christian, with utmost hubris, has replaced the church with the self. This obviously begs the question: What place does the Bible give the church?

            “The Bible gives no hint that a Christian belief system might be isolated from the life of the church.”[3] Paul specifically notes in Ephesians 4 that we are not only united by one hope and faith but ONE baptism. Somehow the post-modern church has rewritten Ephesians 4 as follows: “We all are the same if we have a personal relationship with Jesus. O yeah, by the way, if you want to, baptism is a nice unifying extra.”

            The personal, democratization of salvation has left the Church in an undeservedly marginalized place. “The Church is not a club for religious people. The Church is a way of living together before God, a new way of being human together.”[4] When we are called by Christ to deny the world we are not left on an island to flail helplessly against those who have rejected the truth, we are given a community to join. We are given a new humanity. We are given the new Jerusalem. We are given the Church- the already of the already- not yet dichotomy. “The Church anticipates the form of the human race as it will be when it comes to maturity; she is the “already” of the new humanity that will be perfected in the “not yet” of the last day.”[5]

            The Church is God’s heavenly city invading all other earthly cities. This invasion inevitably will lead to conflict. The church truly is a political body. It is a political movement. Paul uses two Greek words for the church which are both charged with political overtones and undertones. He constantly uses the word “ekklesia” which is a political term that translates- the called together ones. The word-choice leaves little room for individual “Christianity.” The second word Paul uses is “Koinonia” which is Greek for community. This is a word that is constantly uses by Aristotle in his Politics.[6] “In short: Paul did not attempt to find a place for the Church in the nooks and crannies of the Greco-Roman polis. The Church was not an addition, but an alternative to, the “koinonia” of the polis.”

            It might serve as a useful project for the modern Christian to go back and re-read Paul with new eyes. Pick any chapter of any book written by Paul and see if he sees the Church/ Christianity in political terms. I have done so, randomly choosing Romans 1.

            In the very first verse, Romans 1:1, Paul introduces himself as a man who is “separated” to the gospel of God. He understood that Christianity is something that in a real sense divides him from the rest of humanity.  In Romans 1:11 Paul states that he longs to see those in Rome so that they may be “established” and that they may be “encouraged together.” We see here Paul’s understanding, that the Church is something that is built against the rest of the world and encouragement is something received from an ekklesia or a gathering together- not from privatized belief. In Romans 1:16 Paul states that salvation is for the “Jew first and also for the Greek.” The Church has completely forgotten what Paul understood- Christians are the branches that are graphed into the tree that is the Jews. The modern Christian views the Old Testament as some cumbersome appendage to the New Testament. They fail to realize that the Old Testament, the Jews, are a picture of the Church and of Christ. They were the already of the already- not yet – dynamic that sees its fulfillment in the Church- which will see [7]its fulfillment, in the perfection on the last day. If the Church is the fulfillment of the Jewish movement than it too is a political body! It is a people, a tribe, a unity. One would be hard pressed to find a more politically charged statement about Christianity than Romans 1:16.

            Now that we have a snapshot of how Paul viewed the Church, let us make the “natural transition” into how Nietzsche viewed the Church. The first words penned by Nietzsche in The Antichrist read: “This book belongs to the very few.” What a perfectly anti-Christian way to start a treatise that attacks Christianity. Nietzsche writes for the elite, the ubermench, the god-like. Christianity is for the Jews and the Gentiles. It is for all mankind. Not only is it a religion that seeks to unify, it specifically targets the polar opposite of Nietzsche’s target audience. Christianity embraces the poor, the widows, the sick, the destitute, the lepers, the lame, the dumb and the children. Not only does Christianity accept these people, it calls for them to sit at the table. It calls for them to eat and drink with their savior.

            Nietzsche claimed that “The weak and the botched shall perish…And they ought even to be helped to perish.”[8] Jesus entered our humanity and washed our feet. Nietzsche calls Christians “domesticated animals.”[9] Christ calls us brothers and sisters, even princes. It is clear that Nietzsche’s point of view could not be any further from that of a Christian. This however is not to say that he did not understand Christianity- in many aspects, better than we do.

            Nietzsche writes, “We should not deck out and adorn Christianity; it has waged a deadly war upon this higher type of man…it has set the strong man as the typical pariah, the villain. Christianity has sided with everything weak low and botched.”[10] Nietzsche understood that this new city, this new humanity called for a complete transvaluation of the normal order.

            Even further, Nietzsche understood that the Church was a transvalued version of Israel. “How is it possible that we are still so indulgent towards the simplicity of Christian theologians today, as to declare with them that the evolution of the concept of God, from the ‘God of Israel,’ the God of a people, to the Christian God, the quintessence of all goodness, makes a step forward?”[11] Nietzsche did not see the OT as and appendage to the new. He understood that one people group was exchanged (or added to) for another- a new political body.

                        “Undoubtedly, the Kingdom of God has thus become larger. Formerly all he

                                   had was his people, his chosen people. Since then he has gone traveling

                                   over foreign lands, just as his people have done; since then he has never

                                   rested anywhere: until one day he felt at home everywhere, the great

                                   Cosmopolitan, until he got the greatest number, and half the world on

                                    his side. But the God of the greatest number, the democrat among gods,

                                    did not become a proud heathen god notwithstanding: he remained a Jew,

                                    he remained the God of the back streets, the God of all dark corners and

                                    hovels, of all the unwholesome quarters of the world! His universal empire

                                 is now as ever a netherworld empire, an infirmary, a subterranean empire,

                                 a ghetto empire. And he himself is so pale, so weak, so decadent. Even

                                    the palest of the pale were able to master him—our friends the metaphysicians,

                                  those albinos of thought.”[12]

            Although he hated the idea of it, Nietzsche understood that the Bible taught that God remained a Jew. He remained connected to a political body. That body now was the Church. The head of this political body has “declared war on life.”[13] God established a new humanity a new kingdom that is fundamentally at odds with what Nietzsche calls “the natural order.”

            This God of the back streets is, according to Nietzsche, a God of “contradictions.” And he could not be more right. Christ has transvalued all normalcies. The meek will inherit the earth! The Christian life is not one that should easily assimilate into the society at large. The pieces do not fit.

            In the midst of a backhanded critique of Christianity, Nietzsche unveils the core of the faith. “Christianity aims…to make them ill, to render feeble is the Christian recipe for taming, for civilization.”[14] Christianity is not a religion that aims to establish men in positions of power in this world. We are called to deny ourselves and follow Christ. We are called to, as Nietzsche notes “a different mode of action.”[15] It is this mode of action and not “a faith with distinguishes Christians.”[16] But what mode of action should distinguish the Christian?

            Nietzsche writes,  “The Very word Christianity is a misunderstanding, truth to tell, there never was more than one Christian, and he died on the cross…It is false to the point of nonsense to see in faith, in faith in salvation through Christ, the distinguishing trait of the Christian: the only thing that is Christian is the Christian mode of existence, a life such as he led who died on the cross.”[17] Nietzsche understood that the Church, in essence, has exchanged sanctification for an all encompassing justification.  But Christianity must be tied to Christ-likeness. It must be a movement, a body. “To reduce the fact of being a Christian, or of Christianity to holding of something for true, to a mere phenomenon of consciousness, is tantamount to denying Christianity.”[18]

            Christians may be too focused on some other-worldly kingdom that they fail to see the kingdom that is already here. Nietzsche did not make this mistake. “But the Gospel has clearly been the living, the fulfillment, the reality of the Kingdom of God. It was precisely a death such as Christ’s that was this Kingdom of God.”[19] We have denied the “already” in order to fully focus on the “not yet.” The kingdom is here. It is real. It is tangible and corporeal. It is physical. It is something we can see and taste. We can drink it and eat. The Church is the bridegroom and Christ is the bride. We are not anticipating the wedding. We should be rejoicing in the wedding that already happened.

            It may be safe to say, that in many respects, Nietzsche understood Christianity better than we do.



[1] Nietzsche, Friedrich: The Antichrist. Barnes and Noble, New York. 2006. pp. 74-75.
[2] Leithart, Peter: Against Christianity. Canon Press, Moscow, Idaho. 2003. pp 13.
[3] Leithart, Peter: Against Christianity. Canon Press, Moscow, Idaho. 2003. pp 14.
[4] Leithart, Peter: Against Christianity. Canon Press, Moscow, Idaho. 2003. pp 16.
[5] Leithart, Peter: Against Christianity. Canon Press, Moscow, Idaho. 2003. pp 16.
6 Leithart, Peter: Against Christianity. Canon Press Moscow. Idaho. 2003. pp 27.
[7] Nietzsche, Friedrich: The Antichrist. Barnes and Noble, New York. 2006. pp. xxiii.

[8] Nietzsche, Friedrich: The Antichrist. Barnes and Noble, New York. 2006. pp. 4.
[9] Nietzsche, Friedrich: The Antichrist. Barnes and Noble, New York. 2006. pp. 5.
[10] Nietzsche, Friedrich: The Antichrist. Barnes and Noble, New York. 2006. pp.5.
[11] Nietzsche, Friedrich: The Antichrist. Barnes and Noble, New York. 2006. pp. 15.
[12] Nietzsche, Friedrich: The Antichrist. Barnes and Noble, New York. 2006. pp. 15.

[13] Nietzsche, Friedrich: The Antichrist. Barnes and Noble, New York. 2006. pp. 15.

[14] Nietzsche, Friedrich: The Antichrist. Barnes and Noble, New York. 2006. pp. 20.

[15] Nietzsche, Friedrich: The Antichrist. Barnes and Noble, New York. 2006. pp. 34.
[16] Nietzsche, Friedrich: The Antichrist. Barnes and Noble, New York. 2006. pp. 20
[17] Nietzsche, Friedrich: The Antichrist. Barnes and Noble, New York. 2006. pp. 39.
[18] Nietzsche, Friedrich: The Antichrist. Barnes and Noble, New York. 2006. pp. 39.
[19] Nietzsche, Friedrich: The Antichrist. Barnes and Noble, New York. 2006. pp. 41.